Page 48 - Profile's Unit Trusts and Collective Investments 2021 issue 2

CHAPTER 2

Chart 2.5: Annualised volatilities
Resource Funds 20.96 45.96
Real Estate Funds 14.57 35.66

Theme Funds 14.14 28.42

General Equity Funds 10.54 35.66
Global Funds 10.16 29.43

Multi Asset High Equity 4.17 19.38

Multi Asset Medium Equity 4.04 15.09
Multi Asset Low Equity 2.95 14.15

Interest Short Term 0.11 16.51

Flexible/Balanced 38.11
SA Income Funds 23.03

Money Market 0.49

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00
This schematic view of the risk spectrum of South African funds is based on the riskiness of SA funds at the end of July 2021. Note how
the sectors overlap – the risk spectrum is not a simple linear band. Also, the relative riskiness of the various asset classes shifts
considerably over time, so this view will not be valid for a change in market conditions. The difference between the above chart and
Chart 6.10 is that the latter excludes volatilities more than three standard deviations from the category median. The above chart
includes all funds in the sectors shown.

The relative riskiness of selected fund categories, based on actual data, can be seen in Chart 2.5.
Some categories, like Flexible Funds, represent a very broad range of risk. In other categories, such
as Income Funds and Resource Funds, all the members of the category tend fall at the low or high
end of the risk continuum.
In order to find the balance between risk and return, portfolio managers approach
diversification in as scientific a manner as possible, trying to find combinations of asset classes
which offer the potential of good returns without undue risk.
An astute investor must apply the same principles to his own portfolio. Reasonable
diversification ensures that an investor’s investments are spread across asset classes like cash,
property, bonds, equities, across different regions and currencies, and possibly even some small
exposure to derivatives. The appropriate level of exposure to each asset class depends on a variety
of factors like age, earning capacity, health, and so on.

How Does a Unit Trust Work?
In order to gain a more detailed understanding of the way in which collective investment
schemes function, this section considers some aspects of the workings of unit trusts, the most
common collective investment scheme in South Africa.

A collective investment scheme in property is a CIS where the portfolio consists primarily of
property shares and immovable property. A property CIS must be listed on a stock
exchange. Due to the rise of corporate REITs only one property CIS (or trust REIT) remains
open to investors.

46 Profile’s Unit Trusts & Collective Investments — Understanding Unit Trusts